Introduction
In recent years, an important effort makes to evaluate psychological therapy. It is not a global evaluation of the different psychotherapies. But rather an evaluation of effective treatments for specific disorders in clearly specified clinical samples. In this sense, the Task Force report of the PA (Psychological Association). It is the most important exponent of the evaluation of psychological therapies carried out so far. Division 12 is the section of the APA devoted to clinical psychology. Addiction Treatment Center in Lahore.
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In 1993, a group of experts from different schools of psychotherapy (interpersonal, psychodynamic, and cognitive-behavioral). It develops a report on the promotion and dissemination of psychological procedures (Task on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures).
Efficacy Of Treatments
This report, prepared by this group of experts coordinated, publishes in 1995, updated in 1996, in 1998 and in 2001. The objective of this report was to determine the efficacy of the different treatments for specific disorders. And to prepare appropriate treatment guidelines for specific clinical conditions, to subsequently promote their dissemination.
The importance of these studies is that they represent the largest review of the literature on the efficacy of psychological treatments that carries out. And that the entire work process sponsors by an organization formed fundamentally by clinicians, such as the APA. The report contains several sections, one of which corresponds to drug addiction treatment.
Treatments For Substance Abuse
Of the 10 effective treatments for substance abuse and dependence included in these reviews, 9 correspond to cognitive-behavioral treatments. Treatments include psychological therapies for dependence on cocaine, opiates, alcohol, tobacco, and benzodiazepines. For more detailed information consult the general guidelines and recent reviews in Spanish on effective treatments in addictive disorders.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive and behavioral therapy is a combination of behavioral theory. The theory of social learning and the principles derived from cognitive and behavioral therapy outline this most comprehensive approach to the treatment of substance use problems. And include the development of strategies aimed at increasing individual self-control over self-control.
The philosophy of the intervention is based on the consideration of the patient as a scientist. In the sense that he/she encourages to resort to the scientific method to empirically contrast his/her ideas or beliefs. In its application to addictive behaviors, relapse prevention therapy the most uses, which initially develops for the treatment of drinking problems. And which was later adapted for cocaine addict. It helps patients recognize situations in which they are likely to use substances, find ways to avoid risky situations. And develop strategies to deal with behaviors and affects related to substance use that provoke problems for them.
Dichotomous Vs. Moderation Event
In the 1980s, various works began to appear that emphasized a model of phases of change in the description, explanation. And prediction of the process of abandoning different addictive behaviors, as opposed to the traditional view of change as a dichotomous event (vs. moderation). The advantage of this type of models is that they describe change as a process over time. Instead of emphasizing abstinence per se as the first objective to achieves.
The development of these models has made it possible to integrate the different validated techniques and treatments in a more conducive context that improves the effectiveness of the interventions.
Next, we will briefly review some of the most interesting models and proposals in the field of treatment of addictive behaviors. And, based on this, we will propose an integrated approach that allows the different psychotherapeutic interventions to be appropriately situated.
Models Of Change and Motivation
They offer some convincing advice for addictive behaviors that provide a good framework for intervention in drug addicts. Refers to the theoretical model of conversion. This model is based on the analysis of changes that have occurred in the development of behavioral change processes with or without the help of psychotherapy.
Theoretical models often lack a frame of reference where the different interventions to carries out with patients integrates. This proposal attempts to solve this problem and considers that efforts in therapeutic interventions. Directs at:
- Knowing when people decide to make changes that modify their addictive behaviors;
- How these changes make, and
- What do people need to change to overcome their addiction problems.
Here, the «risk factor» is that, while solutions pursues so that a process in which «change» occurs.
Levels Of Change in Behavior Problems
What intends is to globally cover the entire process of change, from the time a person notices their addiction problem until that problem ceases to exist. It is a three-dimensional model that integrates
- Stages (what the sequence of change is like),
- Processes (what are the processes underlying the change) and
- Levels of change (at what levels does the problem behavior affect and where the intervention directs).
Cognitive And Behavioral Processes
The importance of the model in clinical practice is the emphasis on the temporal dimension in the process of change. It is not only a matter of considering whether an intervention is appropriate, but whether it is appropriate to the moment in time (stage) in which the patient is. And knowing the cognitive and behavioral processes that underlie said process of change.
For, until there is further development in relapse prevention programs, the most practical alternative consists of recycling programs. The objective of these programs is to ensure that subjects who relapsed recycles in a more efficient and effective way. For subjects demoralized about their ability to change, the immediate goal is to prevent them from descending to an earlier stage of change.
Conclusion
Treatment programs that show to be effective in managing substance abuse and addiction are basic programs that directly include behavioral and cognitive therapy. Treatment of Alcohol Addiction Nicotine Addiction Benzodiazepine Addiction and Cocaine Addiction.
In addition to examining the effectiveness of therapies in substance use disorders, there is another field of psychotherapy in addictive behavior. That’s obvious for years is the development of change models. The inclusion of valid treatments in these models can increase the effectiveness of treatment.
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